Ketoconazole

Ketoconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal medication used to treat a range of fungal infections, including those caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and certain types of fungi. It works by inhibiting the enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase, which is essential for the synthesis of ergosterol—a key component of fungal cell membranes. By disrupting ergosterol production, Ketoconazole compromises the integrity of the fungal cell membrane, leading to cell death and resolution of the infection. Available in various forms, including oral tablets, topical creams, and shampoos, Ketoconazole is used to treat systemic infections, such as candidiasis and cryptococcosis, as well as topical conditions like athlete’s foot, ringworm, and seborrheic dermatitis. While generally effective, Ketoconazole can cause side effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances, liver enzyme abnormalities, and, rarely, severe liver toxicity. Its use requires careful monitoring, particularly when administered systemically, and it is important for patients to follow their healthcare provider’s instructions and report any adverse effects promptly.